The different shades of blue reflect the number of preschool children ages 3 to 5 who experienced corporal punishment during the school year according to the Civil Rights Data Collection CRDC. These figures show the number of children who received corporal punishment, not the number of incidents, so a child who was punished multiple times would only count once. Moreover, these data reflect only children in public programs or receiving public services—and only the incidents that educators actually reported.
Government Accountability Office identified evidence of underreporting in CRDC data of disciplinary incidents involving students with disabilities. That type of underreporting is possible here, too, though it cannot be known for sure.
The map shows clear trends by region, especially in the number of reports. Nearly all of the reported cases are in the South or parts of the Great Plains, generally in states with Republican state leadership. Ten states reported at least one preschooler receiving corporal punishment in , for a total of about 1, children. Children in Texas and Oklahoma account for the majority of these cases. Mississippi and Oklahoma have the largest number of pre-K children subjected to corporal punishment relative to their public preschool populations reported in the CRDC data.
In all, the rates of corporal punishment are lower for pre-K than K About 1 of every 1, preschool children in the CRDC data are reported to have been corporally punished in , compared to about 2 of every 1, students in K grades. Interestingly, pre-K corporal punishment patterns by race and ethnicity differ from the disproportionality observed in suspensions.
Black and white children in public pre-K programs are both overrepresented among those receiving corporal punishment relative to their shares of the full public pre-K population. Some states allow corporal punishment, but they give parents an opportunity to opt out. However, decades of research in psychology and behavioral economics show that default options are powerful.
Requiring families to actively opt out—and then do it again every new school year—likely leads to many families who oppose the practice unknowingly opting in.
The strongest arguments against schools deliberately inflicting physical pain on preschoolers are rooted in ethics, not empirical research. Still, there is now an extensive body of research on this subject and, in fact, an extensive body of meta-analyses and reviews of this research.
It comes with a couple of caveats. First, the evidence to date is more correlational than causal, with researchers attempting to control for differences between students who are and are not exposed to corporal punishment. Second, the evidence on the effects of pre-K children receiving corporal punishment at school is scarce. Suspensions of more than 10 consecutive or cumulative days long-term suspension are considered a change of placement and require an IEP review.
The review, or manifestation determination, is conducted to determine:. If a manifestation is found, revisions to the IEP may be considered and an intervention plan implemented. The child must be returned to school unless the parent agrees to a change in placement as part of the behavioral intervention plan. In summary, discipline, up to and including suspension and expulsion for classified students is considered with regard to the unique educational arrangements of the IEP.
Suspension and Expulsion Short- and long-term suspension and expulsion are among the most serious disciplinary consequences administered to student.
The law lists the disruptive behaviors for which a board is permitted to remove a student from school, including but not limited to defiance of the authority, presenting a danger to others, theft and bullying see Critical Policy Suspension and Expulsion, and N. The offenses listed in the law describe the more serious infractions for which suspension and expulsion are appropriate.
The law lists behaviors for which the board may suspend a student but there are four reasons that require a student be removed from the school temporarily or permanently :. Removal of a student from the educational program does not release the board from its responsibility of providing a free public education for the student. When a student is removed from the educational program, alternative educational arrangements must be made. Due Process Not all disciplinary appeals require a board hearing.
The board may determine, through a review of a disciplinary appeal and the documented actions taken by the teacher and administration, that the student received the appropriate consequences and that the administration effectively implemented the code of student conduct.
In such a case the board may render a decision that a hearing is unnecessary. In all cases, whether or not a board hearing is conducted, the decision of the board should be documented in writing to the complainant.
Any violation of the code of student conduct that results in the suspension or expulsion of a student requires the board to ensure that students receive due process for compliance with the law N.
The student must be given the opportunity to have a board hearing. If a board hearing is requested, the board is required to hold the hearing within 21 days of the first day of the suspension.
In June, Rep. Carolyn McCarthy D-N. It was sent to committee, but never made it any further in the legislative process. Note to readers: if you purchase something through one of our affiliate links we may earn a commission.
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